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When an AC motor is initially energized at rated voltage (and frequency), the current drawn is many times rated current until the motor attains full operating speed. Consequences of starting current include short time overheating of stator windings and rotors, undesirable operation of overload protective devices and a sag in the supply voltage.
Cuando se energiza inicialmente un motor de CA a su voltaje nominal (y frecuencia), el motor toma varias veces la corriente nominal hasta que alcanza toda la velocidad de operación. Las consecuencias de la corriente de arranque incluyen: Breve sobrecalentamiento de los bobinados del estator y del rotor, disparos no deseados de los dispositivos de protección y caídas de voltaje en el suministro eléctrico.
Locked-rotor testing of three-phase squirrel cage induction motors is used for design validation and quality control; it also can be a valuable diagnostic tool. But, this testing isn’t a common task for most service centers. Two challenges service centers often face are dynamometer torque capacity and test panel electrical capacity. The work-around is usually reduced-voltage testing, which presents another challenge – how to extrapolate the test data to rated voltage with reasonable assurance of accuracy. If the extrapolation is too far off, we run the risk of either rejecting a good motor or accepting a bad one.
La prueba a rotor bloqueado de los motores trifásicos de jaula de ardilla se usa para validar un diseño y para el control de calidad; esta prueba también puede ser una herramienta de diagnóstico valiosa. Pero esta prueba no forma parte de las actividades rutinarias de la mayoría de los centros de servicios.
Dos retos que a menudo enfrentan los centros de servicio son: La capacidad de par del dinamómetro y la potencia del tablero de pruebas.
Generalmente, esto se soluciona haciendo las pruebas a voltaje reducido, lo que presenta otro reto- como extrapolar los datos de prueba al voltaje nominal, asegurando una precisión razonable. Si la extrapolación está muy desviada, corremos el riesgo de rechazar un motor bueno o aceptar uno malo.
El propósito de este artículo no es proporcionar procedimientos detallados para realizar las pruebas a rotor bloqueado, sino presentar un enfoque práctico para analizar los datos a voltaje reducido, empleando herramientas a las que la mayoría de los centros de servicio tienen acceso en sus instalaciones. Adicionalmente, mientras este artículo se centra en los datos de la prueba a rotor bloqueado, la metodología empleada seguramente puede ser utilizada en otras pruebas donde existan condiciones y relaciones similares.
Right-sizing of three-phase induction motors for different applications – and striking a balance between reliability and efficiency – isn’t always easy, but it can be cost-effective.
This 40-page booklet provides great advice for obtaining the longest, most efficient and cost-effective operation from general and definite purpose electric motors.
This booklet covers topics such as:
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The Effect of Repair/Rewinding on Premium Efficiency/IE3 Motors Tests prove Premium Efficiency/IE3 Motors can be rewound without degrading efficiency.
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Recommended Practice for the Repair of Rotating Electrical Apparatus This is a must-have guide to the repair of rotating electrical machines. Its purpose is to establish recommended practices in each step of the rotating electrical apparatus rewinding and rebuilding processes.
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Revised September 2022 The EASA Technical Manual is the association's definitive and most complete publication. It's available FREE to members in an online format. Members can also download PDFs of the entire manual or individual sections.
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